• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    retention device in an elevator. holding device (38c-38k) in load receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) of elevator installation (100, 100a, 100b), with brake equipment (300, 300a) cooperating with guide rail (7b- 7c) of the charge-receiving means (2, 2a, 2b). the brake device (300, 30a) contains a rotating cam (55, 55a), which for activation of the holding device (38a-38d) is rotated, the cam (55, 55a) being configured in such a way that due to the rotation comes into contact with the guide rail (7b-7e), so that the guide rail (7b-7c), which, in the middle of receiving moving load (2, 2a, 2b), moves. if in relation to the holding device (38a-38d), it rotates the cam (55, 55a) into position, in which the brake device (300, 300a) and, with it, the holding device, generate braking action provided in relation to the guide rail (7b-7c). the holding device comprises an electrically controlled activation mechanism (45, 45a) with a pivotally mounted activation lever (47, 47a) and activation spring (52) which, when necessary, through the activation lever causes rotation of the cam.
    公开号:BR112014022945B1
    申请号:R112014022945-7
    申请日:2013-03-08
    公开日:2021-07-13
    发明作者:Faruk Osmanbasic；Miriam Heini；Quirin Kollros；Simon Barmettler
    申请人:Inventio Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [1] The present invention relates to an elevator system, in which at least one safety system against uncontrolled vertical movements of a load-receiving means or a counterweight is provided.
    [2] The safety system comprises at least one holding device with a brake device, which can be brought into an activated state, of braking, and to a deactivated state, without braking, the holding device in an activated state. frictionally connects the load receiving means with a guide rail. The non-braking state of the brake device is also referred to as the normal service state. Furthermore, the safety system comprises at least one activation mechanism, which activates the brake device.
    [3] Security systems that work exclusively mechanically are widespread. In this case, a limiter cable is used, which in the upper region of the elevator shaft is guided around the cable pulley of a speed limiter and, in the lower region, around a diverter cable pulley, with a branch cable, which extends between these cable pulleys of the cable limiter is coupled with an activation mechanism of the retaining device in the load-receiving means. The movements of the cable receiving means or the counterweight are thereby transferred through the limiter cable to the cable pulley of the speed limiter, so that on a movement of the load receiving means or the counterweight, this cable pulley performs a rotary movement whose rotational speed is proportional to the displacement speed of the load-receiving means. The speed limiter functions in such a way that in the event of an inadmissibly high speed of the load receiving means or the counterweight, the speed limiter cable pulley is blocked or a speed limiter cable brake is activated. Thereby, the limiter cable and with it the branch of the limiter cable which moves synchronously with the load receiving means or with the counterweight, is stopped. This results in the fact that the stopped limiter cable activates the activation mechanism activates the holding device mounted on the load-receiving means still in motion or on the counterweight and the load-receiving means is brought to a stop.
    [4] For purposes of simplification, the term “means of reception and loading” should be understood hereinafter, both means of reception of cargo, such as, for example, an elevator cabin, as well as counterweights.
    [5] A disadvantage of these safety systems with speed limiters and limiting cables, in addition to the high constructive complexity, is that they only insufficiently satisfy the requirements of machine-room-less elevator systems. Thus, the removal of the engine room results in the fact that unlimited accessibility to the speed limiter is no longer guaranteed. Therefore, new security systems are sought, especially the system for activating their retention device should be as maintenance-free as possible, and these security systems should be designed in such a way that it is not necessary no access to the holding device, to reset the holding device after an activation.
    [6] Increasingly, security systems have come onto the market, in which the activation of the retention device takes place electromechanically. The determination of an overspeed takes place electronically. These safety systems do not require merely mechanical speed limiters, therefore speed limiters that work, even in the event of a power failure. In the event of a power failure, these safety systems generally include an emergency power battery or an accumulator.
    [7] In the published document EP 2 112 116 A1 a retaining device with a rail stop is described. When the rail stop is compressed against an elevator guide rail, which moves relative to the rail stop, the rail stop performs a pivotal movement. As a result of this rotational movement, the compression force between the rail stop and the guide rail is increased so strongly that a braking effect sufficient for a holding device is generated. An electromagnet activates the holding device, in that upon interruption of its current supply, it allows a spring-loaded movement of the housing, whereby the rail stop is compressed against the guide rail.
    [8] Published document EP 1 902 993 A1 describes a retaining device with a locking roller on a rotating guide device. For arresting the elevator car, the locking roller is compressed against a guide rail by rotating movement of the guide device and, as a result of the relative movement between guide rail and guide device, is clamped or wedged between a moving surface of the guide device, inclined with respect to the guide rail, and of the guide rail. For activating the retaining device, an electromagnet is used, which in the interruption of its current supply, allows a movement of the guide device activated by a spring, whereby the locking roller is compressed against the guide rail.
    [9] The task of the present invention is to provide a retention device, which is optimized in its activation function, but, if necessary, also in its reset function. In particular, it must be ensured that it is necessary to use as little force or energy as possible to activate the holding device.
    [10] The solution to the task substantially consists of a holding device mounted on the load receiving means, which comprises a brake device that cooperates with a guide rail of the load receiving means, which brake device contains a cam, rotatable about a cam axis, the holding device comprising an electrically controlled activation mechanism, which for activation of the holding device, rotates the cam around an activating rotation angle and the cam is configured in such a way that, as a result of rotation about the activation rotation angle, it contacts the guide rail, whereby, with the moving load-receiving means, the guide rail, which moves relative to the retaining device, rotates the cam into a position in which the brake device and with it the retaining device generate an intended braking action with respect to the guide rail.
    [11] The solution has the advantage that, for activation of the holding device by an activation element, only the cam is rotated around a firing rotation angle and is not accurate, as in EP 2 112 116 A1, laterally shift the housing with the entire heavy holding device.
    [12] According to an embodiment of the invention, the electrically controlled activation mechanism comprises a pivotally mounted activation lever, an electromagnet and an activation spring, whereby the activation lever, by the connected electromagnet, can be retained in an initial position, corresponding to a normal service state of the brake device and, actuated by the activation spring, by switching off the electromagnet, can be moved towards an end position, with the activation lever being coupled with the cam, such that movement of the activation lever from its home position towards the end position causes the cam to rotate around the activation rotation angle, thereby bringing the cam into contact with the guide rail.
    [13] The relationship between the holding force, which the electromagnet can exert in the initial position, with the application of tension, on the activation lever, to the active force on the electromagnet of the prestressed activation spring, lies in a range of 1.5:1 to 3:1, but preferably approximately 2:1. The electromagnet is therefore preferably configured in such a way that it only exerts a secure holding function on the activation lever. But as soon as an electronic speed limiter, for example, in the case of overspeed, causes an interruption of the current supply to the electromagnet, the activation lever changes from its initial position towards the final position.
    [14] By its movement from the initial position towards the final position, the activation lever, actuated by the force of the activation spring, causes a rotation of the cam, for example, by the fact that a first contact surface in a terminal region of the activation lever acts on a cam drag device. In the event of an uncontrolled, detected movement of the receiving and charging medium, the electromagnet is switched off, whereby the activation lever performs an activation movement from its initial position towards the final position. In this case, its first contact surface so urges the cam dragging device that the cam is set in rotation and leaves its normal position, preferably positioned by the spring, whereby the periphery of the cam comes into contact with the guide rail. This results in the fact that the cam is additionally rotated by the guide rail, which moves relative to the retaining device, as described later, which leads to the formation of braking forces and thus to the braking of the means of receiving charge.
    [15] The terminal region of the activation lever may have a second contact surface, which becomes active in the following case. When the cam, for example, due to an imprecise or too elastic guide of the load-receiving means, comes into contact with the guide rail, the cam can be rotated by the guide rail, so that the retaining device is activated unintentionally. In this case, only one of normally two arresting devices is activated, while the second arresting device remains inactive. To avoid this situation, a second contact surface can be arranged in the end region of the activation lever, such that the unintentionally rotated cam drag device causes the associated activation lever to leave its initial position and move in the direction of the final position. This can be detected, for example, by a detector or switch, so that the second holding device can also be activated mechanically or electrically, in a synchronized way.
    [16] The activation mechanism described above, which comprises an electromagnet and an activation lever, with activation spring, acts on a brake device, which comprises a brake caliper., which surrounds the guide rib of the guide rail . Inside this brake caliper, on one side of the guide rib, a first brake element is mounted, which in the vertical direction is retained in the brake caliper and in the horizontal direction, is elastically supported in relation to the brake caliper by means of a disk springs package. On the other side of the guide rib a second brake element is arranged. It is supported and guided in the horizontal and vertical direction by at least one extension provided in the form of an eccentric on a cam rotatably mounted on the brake caliper. The brake device cam, the first and second brake element as well as the disc spring pack are connected with the brake caliper. As further described below, in such a case, the brake device or the brake caliper is displaceably mounted at right angles to the guide surfaces of the guide rail or guide rib with respect to a middle support frame. load receiving device, on which the entire restraint device is installed. The support frame, of course, can also be an integrated component of the load-receiving means.
    [17] The cam is preferably a disc mounted on a rotation axis fixed to the brake caliper, whose periphery has a flattening, in normal service, positioned by spring, directed against the guide rail, the flattening being adjacent to a peripheral section which with increasing angle of rotation has an increasing radius.
    [18] In the first normal service state of the retaining device, present in the normal service of the elevator system, the flattening causes a sufficient distance between the cam and the guide rail. On activation of the holding device, the cam is rotated by the activation lever about the activation rotation angle, whereby the peripheral section of the cam with increasing radius, adjacent to the flattening, comes into contact with the guide rail. This results in the fact that the cam is additionally rotated by the guide rail, which moves relative to the holding device, to a position in which the brake device, and therefore the holding device, generates an action braking force in relation to the guide rail. In this case, the following occurs: the rolling of the cam peripheral section, with increasing radius, makes the cam - and with it, the entire brake caliper, is displaced with increasing cam rotation angle around a distance crescent, laterally with respect to the guide rail and on the support frame guided on the guide rail. This results in the second brake element resting against the guide surface of the associated guide rail, as well as increasing compression of the disk spring package acting on this brake element. This results in an increasing increase in the compression force between the second brake element and the guide rail, as well as in the compression force between the cam and the guide rail. In the course of cam rotation, however, the second brake element, which rests on an immense cam connected with the cam, is compressed against the guide rail, with the reaction force to this increasing compression force of the second brake element acts contrary to the compression force of the cam. As soon as by this process, the remaining compression force of the cam is no longer sufficient to further rotate the cam by friction on the guide rail, the cam starts to slide on the guide rail, and the compression forces obtained so far and with them the desired braking force of the holding device are maintained until the load-receiving means stops.
    [19] In principle, it would also be possible not to convert the rotating movement of the cam into a displacement of the brake element, but to integrate a brake element into the cam. This can be achieved, for example, with a cam, in which the periphery is formed in such a way that a flattening adjoins an increasing peripheral section in the radius, followed by an ascending, straight peripheral section. A rotation of the cam around the activation angle results in the fact that the periphery of the cam comes into contact with the guide rail, so that the cam continues to be rotated by the guide rail which moves with respect to the device. of retention. In this case, the rolling of the increasing radius peripheral section on the guide rail causes a displacement of the entire brake caliper. This results in an increasing compression of a spring element arranged between the brake caliper and a first brake element, as well as an increasing compression force between the cam and the guide rail. The straight, ascending peripheral section contiguous with the peripheral section, which increases in radius, causes a blockage of the rotary movement of the cam, whereby the compressive forces are maintained. In this cam position, the straight peripheral section of the cam slides as the second brake element over the guide rail, until the compression force, or the braking force thus generated, has caused the load-receiving means to stop.
    [20] The start of the braking or holding process of the restraint device takes place gradually. A first step is characterized by the fact that the activation lever is no longer retained, that is, it is released, by the electromagnet. In another step, the activation spring causes a rotary movement of the activation lever, whereby the cam rotatably mounted on the brake gauge is rotated by an activating rotation angle, so that the flattening of the cam is rotated to out of a position aligned parallel to the guide rail and a peripheral section of the cam, of increasing radius, contiguous to the flattening, contacts the guide rail. The activation spring must be configured in such a way that it can rotate the cam, via the activation lever, by a required activation rotation angle. In this case, on the one hand, a clearance of passage between the flattening of the cam and the guide rail of about 1 -3.5 mm needs to be suspended, and on the other hand, subsequently, the rotation of the cam needs to be guaranteed by friction and its periphery on the guide rail, which moves relative to the retaining device or the cam.
    [21] In a further step, the contact between the peripheral section of the cam, of increasing radius, and the guide rail that moves with respect to the retaining device, causes an additional rotation of the cam, until the cam has reached a position, in which the cam by cooperation with other elements of the braking distance is compressed more strongly on the guide rail and causes the braking distance to generate a planned braking action in relation to the guide rail. For this process, the force of the activation spring of the activation lever is no longer required. To ensure the necessary friction between the periphery of the cam and the guide rail, at least part of the surface of the periphery of the cam can be provided with a denture or micro denture.
    [22] In a possible embodiment of the holding device, the braking surfaces of the braking distance brake elements are arranged at a small angle to the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, so that at the beginning of the braking process in one movement descending from the load-receiving means, firstly the lower ends of the brake elements, firstly the lower ends of the brake elements abut the guide rail. In this way, vibrations or chattering or even jumping of the brake elements can be avoided, especially in the downward movement of the load-receiving means.
    [23] At least the brake device with the brake caliper, the cam, the first brake element, with the corresponding spring elements - in another modality, also the entire activation mechanism, with the electromagnet, the lever of activation and activation spring - are “floating” mounted on a support frame of the load receiving means. That is, the brake is displaceable in at least the direction situated at right angles to the guide surfaces of the guide rail, within a limited region with respect to the support frame.
    [24] A preferred configuration variant of a described retaining device has, in addition to the activation spring, a second spring. This spring can be, for example, a tension spring, which elastically positions the cam in its normal position. Hereinafter, this spring is referred to as the retaining spring. The detent spring is designed and arranged such that the cam in normal service of the elevator system is retained in its normal position. The retaining spring is elastic enough so that rotation of the cam by the activation lever or the guide rail is not impeded. For example, the detent spring can be coupled with the activation lever in such a way that on a release and subsequent movement of the activation lever, a bias of the detent spring is reduced.
    [25] In order to facilitate an easier restoration of an activated retaining device, i.e., fixedly arranged on the guide rail, in one of the possible modes of the retaining device the brake device is mounted vertically displaceable, i.e. , in the direction of movement of the load receiving means in the load receiving means support frame. This is, for example, due to the fact that the brake device is guided by means of support pins in vertical elongated holes in the support frame. Furthermore, the brake device is supported in the vertical direction by means of at least one support spring, in such a way with respect to the support frame, that the support spring compresses the brake device, in normal service, elastically against a upper stop formed by the upper ends of the elongated holes. The entire activation mechanism, which comprises the electromagnet and the activation lever with its swivel assembly, is fixed in the mode described here directly on the support frame.
    [26] In this way, a restoration function is performed, with a described retention device, which proceeds as follows:
    [27] - The support frame or the load-receiving means is raised, whereby it performs a relative movement against the force of the support spring in relation to a brake device fixedly disposed on the guide rail. In this case, the support pins begin to move into the elongated holes, from the upper ends of the respective elongated holes towards the lower ends. The brake device is used to let a lever stop compress against the activation lever such that the activation lever is rotated back, against the action of the activation spring, to a reset position, in which the activation lever can be detected again by the reconnected electromagnet. In this case, the activation spring is completely pre-stressed again. The lever stop is configured or secured in such a way that by the relative movement described it rotates the activation lever back to the reset position, in favor of a secure reset, just beyond its initial position. The electromagnet is preferably pivotally mounted on springs, in order to allow the activation lever to travel to the reset position without damage. With this, the electromagnet itself can be configured as a grip or retention magnet, since it only needs to retain the activation lever present. The electromagnet does not need to perform any restoration work and especially does not need to overcome any air gap in the restoration.
    [28] - The brake device support pins have reached the lower ends of the elongated holes in the support frame, and therefore with this, an additional lifting of the support frame now causes a lifting of the brake device relative to the rail of guide. This causes the cam of the brake device compressed against the guide rail to be rotated back by the guide rail, approximately to the normal position of the cam, with the compression forces between the cam and the guide rail as well. as between the brake elements and the guide rail, they are suspended. This process is not impeded by the activation lever.
    [29] - As soon as during restoration, the flattening of the cam is situated approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guide rail, the retaining spring pulls the cam back to its normal position, until the flattening is aligned completely parallel to the guide rail. The brake element is free. The cam drag device is located on the activation lever again.
    [30] A retaining device, which substantially has the characteristics described above, is mounted on a support frame of a load receiving means of an elevator system and cooperates with a guide rail, enabling the detection of an inadmissible state of movement of the elevator system, carrying out a process for activation and restoration of this retention device, with the following process steps:
    [31] releasing an activation lever mounted on a swivel bearing by turning off an electromagnet;
    [32] rotary movement of the activation lever by an activation spring, whereby a rotatably mounted cam of a brake device is rotated about an activating rotation angle of the normal position of the cam, so that the cam periphery comes into contact with the guide rail which moves relative to the retaining device;
    [33] additional rotary movement of the cam by the guide rail, whereby a peripheral section of the cam of increasing radius rolls on the guide rail, whereby the cam and brake elements of the brake device are compressed with anticipated compressive force against the guide rail and bring the load receiving means to the stop.;
    [34] restoration of the retention device, by lifting the support frame of the load receiving means, where
    [35] - the support frame, after a detention process, performs a relative movement limited by the upper stop and a lower stop, in relation to a brake device, fixedly disposed on the guide rail, guided movably in vertical direction in the support frame and elastically compressed by means of a support spring against an upper stop in the support frame;
    [36] - due to the relative movement between the support frame and the brake device, the activation lever a is moved by a lever stop against the activation spring action to a position and restoration PR, in which the activation lever a can be detected and held by the electromagnet again switched on;
    [37] - when as a result of the upward movement of the support frame of the load receiving means, the lower stop on the support frame impacts against the brake device fixedly disposed on the guide rail, the cam of the brake device compressed against the guide rail, under use of at least the kinetic energy of the support frame, is rotated back by the guide rail, whereby the brake device is brought back from its normal service state.
    [38] Optionally, another configuration variant of a described holding device may comprise a switch for detecting the brake or the brake device. This switch detects the initial position of the activation lever and is activated in the movements of the latter. In this way, it issues a signal that interrupts the safety circuit of the elevator system, so that when you put the brake or the brake device into operation, the drive of the elevator system is switched off.
    [39] The activation spring of the activation lever, instead of being configured as a torsion spring, can also be configured as a pressure spring, tension spring or bending spring.
    [40] Another configuration variant of the holding device foresees the possibility of a mechanical synchronization between two or more detector devices in a load-receiving means. For this purpose, the activation levers of two or more sensing devices can be connected to one another via a common shaft.
    [41] Fixedly arrange the swivel bearings of two or more activation levers on a common, swivel-mounted shaft. Therefore, it is enough to “command” a single activation lever and the other or the others describe, synchronously, the same movement.
    [42] Other advantageous configurations of a described restraint device or a speed limiting system or an elevator system form the objects of the embodiments.
    [43] By means of figures, the invention is explained in more detail below. The Figures are described in a related and comprehensive way. The same reference signs designate the same device parts or the same device parts, reference signs with different indices indicate device parts with the same or similar function, but separate, even when they are identical to each other but are arranged in one another or, in another configuration variant, are components of another total function.
    [44] In this case they show:
    [45] Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an elevator system, with an arrangement of a speed limiter system according to the state of the art;
    [46] Fig. 2 a schematic and perspective representation of a first holding device in a normal service state;
    [47] Fig. 3 the holding device of Fig. 2 in a front view and in a second state of service;
    [48] Fig. 4 the holding device of Figures 2 and 3, in a state in which the brake device has reached its maximum braking force;
    [49] Fig.5 the retention device of Figures 2-4, also in a front view, in the restoration;
    [50] Fig. 6 is a side view of the retaining device of Figures 2-5;
    [51] Fig. 7 is a front view of a second configuration variant of a retaining device with an obliquely arranged brake element;
    [52] Fig. 8 a variant of a cam with integrated brake element in its normal position;
    [53] Fig. 9 the cam according to Fig. 8 in its braking position; and
    [54] Fig. 10 another embodiment of a retention device.
    [55] Fig. 1 shows an elevator system 100, as is known from the prior art, in an elevator shaft 1 a load receiving means or an elevator car 2 is displaceably arranged, which is connected. through a support means 3 with a counterweight 4 also displaceable. The support means 3 is driven in service with a drive pulley 5 of a drive unit 6, which are arranged in the upper region of the elevator shaft 1 in an engine room 12. The elevator car 2 and the counterweight 4 are guided by means of guide rails 7a or 7b and 7c, which extend over the height of the well.
    [56] Elevator car 2 can service an upper floor 8, other floors 9 and 10, and a lower floor 11 and therefore describe a maximum S_M offset path. The elevator shaft 1 is formed by shaft side walls 15a and 15v, a shaft roof 13 and a shaft bottom 14, on which a shaft bottom damper 16a for the counterweight 4 and two bottom dampers are arranged. well 16b and 16c for elevator cabin 2.
    [57] The elevator system 100 further comprises a speed limiter system 200. It, in turn, comprises a speed limiter 17 with a cable pulley 18, which is fixedly connected with the cam 19. cable pulley 18 and cam 19 are driven through a limiter cable 20, because the limiter cable 20, due to a fixed connection in the form of a cable coupling 21, which is connected with the load receiving means, runs together the respective descending or ascending movements of the elevator car 2. The restraining cable 20 is guided for this purpose as a continuous loop on a tightening roller 22, which can be tightened with a tightening lever 23, by the fact that the tightening lever 23 is mounted on a rotary bearing 24 and a weight 25 is displaceably disposed on the clamping lever 23.
    [58] The speed limiter 17 further comprises a pendulum 26, which is rotatably arranged in the two directions of rotation on an axis 27. On one side of the pendulum 26 is arranged a roller 28, which is pulled with a retaining spring, not shown in more detail in this figure, for cam 19 elevations.
    [59] As a first safety step, the speed limiter system 200 predicts that upon reaching a first overspeed VCK, the roller 28 is no longer able to completely pass through the depressions between the elevations of the cam 19, and therefore the pendulum 26 starts to rise counterclockwise. This lifting movement activates a pre-contact switch 29, which switches off and stops electrically via a control line 30 and via a control 31 the drive unit 6. Control 31 is connected with a control device 63 for the entire elevator system 100. In which all control signals and sensor data converge.
    [60] As a second, purely mechanical safety step, the speed limiter system 200 predicts that when a second higher overspeed VCA is reached, the pendulum 26 rises even more counterclockwise and thus a pendulum nose 32 engages in notches or locking lugs 33 on cam 19. In this way the cable pulley 18 is locked and, due to friction between the cable pulley 18 and the restraining cable 20, generates a force of traction 34, whereby an L-shaped double lever 35a is rotated at a joint point 36a. The approximately horizontal leg of the L-shaped double lever 35a thus activates, through an activating bar 37a, a holding device 38a symbolically represented. The other leg of the double lever 35a, approximately vertical, simultaneously exerts a pushing force on a connecting bar 39 and, therefore, a second double lever 35b in the shape of an L rotates around a junction point 36b. in turn, another activation bar 37b activates a second holding device 38b also only represented symbolically. In this way, a purely mechanical activation is performed of two mechanically working detent devices 38a and 38b, which, in the case of overspeed or a case of threatening risk, fix an elevator car on the guide rails 7b and 7c.
    [61] Fig. 2 shows in a schematic representation and in perspective an embodiment of a holding device 38c according to the invention, which is a component of an elevator system 100a or of a speed limiting or safety system 200a and is arranged in a support frame 40 of a load receiving means 2a. Support frame 40 may also be the support frame for a counterweight. The support frame 40 can also be an integrated component of the load receiving means 2a.
    [62] The holding device 38c comprises a brake device 300 and an activation mechanism 400. The brake device 300, in turn, comprises a brake caliper 41, which is disposed within the support frame 40, in both direction. vertical as well as in the horizontal direction, that is, displaceably arranged along a Z axis as well as an X axis. by means of springs, on the one hand, to the right and, on the other hand, upwards in each case to a stop position within the support frame 40. A first one is displaceably arranged in the brake caliper 41 brake element 42 and a second brake element 43, preferably along an adjustable axis X. The adjustable axis X is approximately perpendicular to a longitudinal axis Z of an indicated guide rail 7 whose guide rib 7d sticks out into the interspace. between the first brake element 42 and the second brake element 43. The first brake element 42 is elastically supported in the direction of the X axis, preferably by means of prestressed disc spring packages 44a and 44b.
    [63] The holding device activation mechanism 400 comprises an electromagnet 45, which is elastically mounted, preferably by means of spring mounting. Furthermore, the activation mechanism 400 comprises an activation lever 47, which is pivotally mounted to a swivel bearing 48 and thus forms a left arm 49a and a right arm 49b. Behind the left arm 49a is arranged a switch 50, which blocks the activation of the elevator system 100a, so by a current interruption of the electromagnet 45, the activation lever 47 moves counterclockwise in one direction displacement 51. The current interruption of the electromagnet 45 preferably occurs by an electronic speed limiter, not shown in more detail.
    [64] The displacement of the activation lever 47 out of an initial position P1 in the direction of movement 51 is actuated by an activation spring 52, which in the illustrated embodiment of the retaining device is formed as a torsion spring. The right arm 49b of the activation lever 47 has a dovetail end with a contact surface 53, which contact surface cooperates with a drag device 34 arranged on a cam 55. The cam is mounted in a manner. rotatable in a rotary bearing 56. The displacement of the activation lever 47 in the direction of travel 51 causes a rotation of the cam 55 about an angle of activation rotation in a direction and rotation 57 in a counterclockwise direction.
    [65] The cam 55 has on at least one side a cylindrical extension 58, which is disposed eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the cam, and this cylindrical extension 58, in turn, has a convex peripheral outer surface 59, which cooperates with a surface. concave internal 60 in the second brake element 43. The rotation of the cam 55 therefore causes a displacement of the second brake element 43, which displacement also contains a component in the direction of the adjustment axis X. By the rotation of the cam 55, the second brake element is therefore moved against the guide rib 7d of the guide rail.
    [66] It can be seen that the second brake element 43 has a notch 61, whereby a peripheral surface 62 of the cam 55 protrudes outwards. The retaining device 38c is in the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 in a first service state P1, which corresponds to the normal service state, in which the holding device is in normal service of the elevator system 100a. The brake elements 42 and 43 are spaced apart from the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7c . Also the peripheral surface 62 of the cam 55 is distanced from the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7c, because it has a flattening 63, which in this first service state P1 is aligned parallel to the guide rail 7. The cam 55 is elastically retained in a normal position by a retaining spring 64. The activation lever 47, in this first state of service P1, is held in its initial position P1 by the electromagnet 45 against the force of the activation spring 52, formed as a torsion spring in the present example.
    [67] In Fig. 3 a second state of service P2 is represented, in which, after detecting a detention situation, the electromagnet 45 released the activation lever 47 and the activation lever was moved from its initial position by the spring activation 52, in the direction of travel 52 counterclockwise. The cam drag device 54 is still in contact with a first contact surface 53 in the end region of the activation lever 47 and the cam has been rotated in the direction and rotation 57 by the angle of rotation of activation, so that a peripheral section 65 of the cam, of increasing radius, adjacent to the flat 63, has come into contact with the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7.
    [68] The holding device 38c, particularly the activation lever 47 and the cam 55, are in the second service state P2, in which an additional rotation of the cam 55 is no longer dependent on a movement of the activation lever 47 because, due to the contact of the peripheral section 65 of the cam 55, of increasing radius, with the guide rail 7 and the upward movement 67 of the guide rail 7, existing with respect to the cam, further rotation of the cam is caused. In this case, the spring and detent 64, which in normal service guarantees the normal position of the cam, is stretched in this case. The rolling of the peripheral section 65 of increasing radius on the guide rail 7 causes a displacement of the entire brake caliper 41 or of the entire brake device 300 with respect to the guide rail, the first brake element being firstly 42 reaches abutment on the guide rib 7d of the guide rail and subsequently the disc spring packs 44a, 44b are increasingly compressed. The compression of the disk spring packages results in increasing compression forces, both between the cam 55 and the guide rib 7 of the guide rail, and also between the first brake element 42 and the guide rib 7d. The convex outer peripheral surface 59 of the cylindrical extension 58 connected eccentrically with the cam 55 has not yet brought the brake element 43 into abutment on the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7.
    [69] Fig. 4 shows the holding device 38c, in a state in which the brake device 300 has reached its maximum braking force. By compressing the cam 35 on the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7 and the downward movement of the retaining device 38c or the relative progressive upward movement 66 of the guide rail, another rotation of the cam 55 and with it another one takes place. bearing of its peripheral section 65 of increasing radius on the guide rail. As a result, the brake caliper 41 has moved a corresponding distance to the left, whereby the disc spring packs 44a, 44b are compressed more strongly, and the compressive forces between the cam 55 and the guide rib 7d, as well as between the first brake element 42 and the guide rib have been further increased. In the course of this process, the eccentricity of the cylindrical extension 58 of the cam causes the second brake element 43 to now fully abut against the guide rib 7d of the guide rail 7 and a compressive force has been formed between the second brake element 43 and guide rib 7d. The reaction force to this compressive force in this case acted on the cam 55 through the cylindrical extension 58 in such a way that it acted contrary to the compressive force between the cam and the guide rib 7d. Therefore, after activation, cam 55 continued to rotate, to the point where the force reacting to the compression force of the second brake element 43 so strongly reduced the compression force between cam 55 and guide rib 7d, that the remaining friction between cam 55 and guide rib 7d was no longer sufficient for further rotation of the cam. When in an actual detention situation this state of the holding device has been reached, the cam slides together with the two brake elements on the guide rib, until the braking forces formed in the described process have driven the load-receiving means to trim.
    [70] From Figs. 2, 3 and 4 it is visible that the brake device 300, which substantially comprises the brake caliper 41, the first brake element with disc spring packages 44a, 44b, the second brake element 43, as well as the cam 55, is realized as a displaceable unit also in the vertical direction in the support frame 40. To that end, the brake device is guided by means of support pins 69a and 69b in elongated holes 71a and 71b of the frame. support 40 arranged vertically. A support spring 68, which supports the brake device elastically on the support frame 40, is configured and prestressed in such a way that the brake device 100 in the direction of the vertical axis Z is lifted with a force such that the support pins 69a and 69b guided in the elongated holes 71a and 71b abut the upper ends 70a and 70b of the elongated holes. In this way, a relative movement in the vertical direction between the brake device 300 and the support frame 40 of the load receiving means is made possible, which, as described below, helps to release the brake device 300 tight on the rail after an arresting process, and in that case, restoring the holding device to the first service state P1, that is, to its normal service state.
    [71] Fig. 4 also shows the status of the retention device, prior to this restoration process. The activation lever 47 is, in this case, in its activation position displaced from its initial position and no longer has any contact with the drag device 54 of the cam 55. The retaining spring, which serves for the elastic positioning of the cam to your normal position is stretched as far as possible.
    [72] Fig. 5 shows the holding device 38c during a restoration process. To restore the holding device, the load-receiving means 2a is carried with its support frame 40, preferably by means of the elevator drive, which results in a relative downwardly directed movement of the guide rail or the rib of guide rail 7d with respect to retaining device 38c. This causes the entire brake device 300, which comprises the brake caliper 41, the first brake element 42 with the disc spring packages 44a, 44b, the second brake element 43, as well as the cam 55, and which is clamped on the rib of the guide rail 7d, is moved downwardly, against the force of the support spring 68, relative to the support frame. This downward displacement of the brake device 300 relative to the support frame 40 is limited by the fact that the support pins 69a and 69b, which guide the brake device, impact on the lower stops 74a or 74b of the elongated holes 71a or 71b arranged vertically on the support frame 40. Until that impact, the load receiving means moved upwards by the elevator drive, has accumulated a sufficient amount of kinetic energy to move the clamped brake device up onto the rail rib. of guide rail against its braking force in relation to the guide rail rib 7d. By this relative movement, the cam 55 is rotated by the guide rail rib 7d, to such a point in the direction and rotation 78, i.e. against the direction of rotation occurred on activation of the holding device, until the cam has reached its normal position, caused by the detent spring 64, in which the cam, due to its flatness, is away from the guide rail rib. By this process not only the compressive forces between the brake elements 42, 43 and the guide rail rib are eliminated, but also, as described below, the activation lever 47 is restored to its initial position. .
    [73] The restoration spring 64 is fixed at one end, as seen in the example according to Fig. 5, to the support frame. Alternatively, this end of restoration spring 64 can also be attached to or coupled to activation lever 47. This is advantageous since on activation of subsequent movements of the activation lever 47, a prestressing, and consequently the restoring force of the restoring spring 64, is reduced.
    [74] As evidenced from Figs. 3 and 4, the activation lever 47, at the end of its activation movement activated by the activation spring 52, is blocked by a lever stop 75, which acts on the right arm 49b. In the embodiment shown here, this lever stop 75 is connected with the brake device 300 displaceable vertically with respect to the support frame 40 or with the brake caliper 41, while the activation lever 47 is pivotally mounted via the swivel bearing 48 on the support frame 40. In view of the fact that in the above restoration process, described in connection with Fig. 5, the restoration process and the activation lever 47 mounted thereon were raised while the brake device 300 pressed on the guide rail rib 7d and the lever stop 75 attached thereto have moved downwards relative to the support frame, the lever stop 75 exerted during this restoration process an acting force in the restoration direction RR on the arm right 49b of the activation lever 47. This force resulted in the activation lever a torque directed in the restorative rotational direction ScjR, which moved the activation lever against the action of the activation spring 52 to a reset position PR, in which the elastically mounted electromagnet 45 in the upward direction has again caught the activation lever 47 by switching on the magnetizing current and subsequently fixed in the initial position PI of the activation lever.
    [75] In Fig. 6 a side view of the holding device 38c shown in Figs. 2-5 is shown. In it, for example, the arrangement of the support pin 69b guided in the elongated hole 71b of the support frame 40 is clearly visible. guided by a guide 79. The disc spring packs 44a and 44b are preferably secured together by means of an attachment 81.
    [76] In Fig. 7 is shown a holding device 38d with a brake device 300a, which is characterized by the fact that the brake elements 42a and 43a are arranged, in each case, at an incidence angle W1 and W2a. a guide rail 7c. The angles of incidence W1 and W2 are preferably identical. At the start of a braking or holding process in the downward direction, smaller vibrations are generated in this way. For the rest, the holding device 38d corresponds to the holding device 38c of Fig. 3 and the positional situation there represented of a cam 55a and an activation mechanism 400a with an activation lever 47a and an electromagnet 45a. The holding device 38d has a brake caliper 41a, which is displaceably mounted on the support frame 40a of a load receiving means 2b. The holding device 38d is a component of an elevator system 100b or with a speed limiter system 200b.
    [77] Fig. 8 shows schematically a brake device 300e with a modified embodiment of a cam 55e for a holding device according to the invention. In this cam 55e, the periphery of the cam is configured in such a way that the flattening 63e is contiguous with a peripheral section 65e of increasing radius, which is followed by a straight, tangential peripheral section 85e, which is formed as the second brake element 43c. The brake element 43c can consist of the cam material or be a brake lining connected with the cam. In the case of an activation of the holding device during a displacement of the load-receiving means, the peripheral section 65e of increasing radius of the cam 55e, after a rotation of the cam by the activation lever not shown here, around an angle of counterclockwise activation rotation contacts guide rail 7e, which moves up relative to cam. By friction between the periphery of the cam 5e and the guide rail 7e, the cam is additionally rotated counterclockwise, the rolling of the peripheral section 65e of increasing radius on the guide rail 7e causing a movement of the gauge of brake 41 of the brake device 300e to the left, which results in a compression of the disc spring packages 44e and a strong increase in the compression forces between the cam 55e and the guide rail 7e, as well as between the first brake element 42e and guide rail 7e.
    [78] Fig. 9 shows the brake device 300e according to Fig. 8 in the state, in which. after activation by the activation lever, the cam 55e has been rotated by the guide rail 7e by a distance such that the straight, tangential peripheral section 85e abuts the guide rail 7e and prevents further rotation of the cam. In this state, the brake device 300e slides with the above mentioned compressive forces between the second brake element 43c of the cam 55e and the guide rail 7e, as well as between the first brake element 42e and the guide rail 7e, by so long in relation to the guide rail, until the friction generated by the compressive forces caused the load-receiving means to stop.
    [79] Fig. 10 shows a modified embodiment of a holding device according to the invention, which exhibits substantially the same characteristics as the holding device described in Figs. 2 to 6 and also serves the same purpose. Some components of this modified modality, however, are arranged a little differently and partially modified.
    [80] The most important difference from the holding device described above is that the activation mechanism 400 is not fixed to the support frame of the load-receiving means, but is connected with the brake device or with the brake caliper. In order to be able to carry out the restoration resulting from a relative vertical movement between the support frame and the brake device also in this arrangement, the lever stop 75 is connected here, instead of with the brake caliper, with the support frame 40k.
    [81] Activation lever 47k is arranged in this mode such that it activates cam 55k when it moves clockwise. This activation movement is no longer actuated by an activation spring in the form of a torsion spring, but by a 52k helical spring, which acts from below on the left arm of the 47k activation lever. The electromagnet, not visible in Fig. 10, which holds the activation lever in its initial position PI, acts, here, on the left arm of the activation lever, and also the coupling between the right arm of the activation lever 47k and the 55k cam is configured a little differently. Also noteworthy is an additional 90k swivel lever. It causes the one end of the detent spring 64k, which elastically holds the cam in its normal position, depending on the position of the activation lever 47k. The purpose of this measure is to prevent the retention force of the retaining spring, which, when rotating the cam, pushes the cam against its normal position, to increase too strongly. Preferably, in this case, the switch 50k is controlled by the position of the cam 55k, so that on a rotation of the cam from the normal position - irrespective of the position of the activation lever - the switch 50k is activated and, with it, the actuation the elevator is stopped. This mode of switch 50k, as well as the arrangement of detent spring 64k, of course, can also be used analogously in the preceding mode examples.
    [82] The remaining functions are substantially unchanged from the originally described embodiment of the retaining device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Holding device (38c-38k) in the load receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) of an elevator system (100, 100a, 100b) with a brake device (300, 300a) which cooperates with a guide rail (7b-7e) of the load receiving means (2, 2a, 2b), the brake device (300, 300a) containing a cam (55, 55a) rotatable about a cam shaft , wherein the holding device (38a-38d) comprises an electrically controlled activation mechanism (45, 45a) which, for activation of the holding device (38a-38d), rotates the cam (55, 55a) around a activation rotation angle, the cam (55, 55a) being configured such that, due to rotation around the activation rotation angle, the cam (55, 55a) contacts the guide rail ( 7b-7e), whereby the guide rail (7b-7e), which moves relative to the retaining device (38a-38d) when the load receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) moves, rotates the cam (55, 55a) to a position, in which the device brake (300, 300a) and, with it, the holding device (38c-38k), generates a planned braking action in relation to the guide rail (7b-7e), characterized by the fact that the activation mechanism (45, 45a) electrically controlled comprises a pivotally mounted activation lever (47, 47a), an electromagnet (45, 45a) and an activation spring (52), whereby the activation lever (47, 47a) can be held in a home position (PI) by the electromagnet (45, 45a) turned on, and the activation lever (47, 47a), in the case of a release of the activation mechanism (45, 45a), which includes a shutdown of the electromagnet (45, 45a), actuated by the activation spring (52), can be moved towards an end position (PE), with the activation lever (47, 47a) being coupled with the cam (55, 55a) ) such that movement of the activation lever (47, 47a) causes rotation of the cam (55, 55a) around the angle of rotation of activation from the home position (PI) towards the position end (PE).
    [0002]
    2. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to claim 1, characterized in that the activation lever (47, 47a) is configured in such a way that the activation lever (47, 47a), on the one hand , causes the cam (55, 55a) to rotate around the activation rotation angle, when the electromagnet (45, 45a) is turned off, and the activation lever (47, 47a), on the other hand, is deflected from the home position (PI), when an unintentional contact between the cam (55, 55a) and the guide rail (7d, 7e) causes a rotation of the cam (55, 55a).
    [0003]
    3. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a periphery (62) of the cam (55, 55a) has a flattening (63) and a flattening (63) adjoins a peripheral section, which with increasing angle of rotation has an increasing radius.
    [0004]
    4. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cylindrical extension (58) is disposed on the cam (55, 55a) eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the cam (55, 55a). ), and wherein a convex outer surface (59) of the cylindrical extension (58) cooperates with a concave inner surface (60) of a brake element (43).
    [0005]
    5. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cam (55e) a second brake element (43e) is fixedly arranged.
    [0006]
    6. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to claim 5, characterized in that the periphery of the cam (55e) is configured in such a way that the flattening (63e) adjoins a peripheral section (65e) increasing in the radius, which is followed by a straight tangential peripheral section (85e), which is executed as the second brake element (43c).
    [0007]
    7. Holding device (38c-38k) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brake device (300; 300a) is realized as a displaceable unit in the load-receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) or on a support frame (40) of the load-receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) in a vertical direction between an upper and a lower stop, with a support spring (68) supporting the brake device ( 300, 300a) elastically with respect to the load-receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) or the support frame (40) and, in normal service, elastically compresses against the upper stop.
    [0008]
    8. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to claim 7, characterized in that the retaining device (38c-38k) has a lever stop (75), which cooperates in such a way with the activation lever (47) that the activation lever (47) is moved against the action of the activation spring (52) to a reset position (PR) when, for resetting the holding device (38c-38k) or the brake device (300; 300a), the load receiving means (2, 2a, 2b) is raised and thereby the brake device (300; 300a) tightened on the guide rail (7b-7e) performs a relative movement with respect to the charge-receiving means (2, 2a, 2b).
    [0009]
    9. Holding device (38c-38k) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a switch (50) arranged in the load receiving means (2a, 2b) can be activated by the activation lever (47 , 47a) or by the cam (55k).
    [0010]
    10. Retaining device (38c-38k) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation lever (47, 47a) is connected via a common shaft with at least one second activation lever. a second retention device.
    [0011]
    11. Elevator installation (100a, 100b), characterized in that the elevator system (100a, 100b) comprises at least one retaining device (38c-38k) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.
    [0012]
    12. Method for actuating a holding device (38c-38k) which cooperates with a guide rail (7) and is mounted on a load receiving means (2a, 2b) of an elevator system (100a, 100b), characterized in that the following method steps are performed a) holding an activation lever (47, 47a) by an electromagnet (45, 45a) connected in an initial position (PI); b) release the electromagnet (45, 45a), whereby, activated by an activation spring (52), by switching off the electromagnet (45, 45a), the activation lever (47, 47a) is moved towards a position final (PE); c) rotating a rotatably mounted cam (55, 55a) via the activation lever (47, 47a), which moves towards the end position (PE), so that a periphery of the cam (55, 55a) is brought into contact with the guide rail (7), which moves relative to the retaining device (38c; 38d); d) additionally rotating the cam (55, 55a) by the guide rail (7), with an increasing peripheral section in the radius of the cam (55, 55a) rolling over the guide rail (7), whereby the cam ( 55, 55a) and brake elements (42, 43) of the brake device (300) are compressed with predetermined compression force against the guide rail (7) and generate a braking force, whereby the means for receiving load (2a, 2b) is brought to a stop.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the following other method step is performed e) restoring the holding device (38c, 38d) by lifting the load receiving means (2a, 2b), being that - the load-receiving means (2a, 2b) in relation to the brake device (300) fixed on the guide rail (7) after the stop of the load-receiving means (2a, 2b) has occurred. relative movement limited by an upper stop (70b) and a lower stop (74b); - due to the relative movement between load receiving means (2a, 2b) and brake device (300), the activation lever (47, 47a) is moved by a lever stop (75) against the action of the activation spring (52) to a reset position (PR), in which the activation lever (47, 47a) is caught and held by the reconnected electromagnet (45, 45a) of the activation mechanism (45, 45a).
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the following further process step is performed - due to the upward movement of the support frame (40), the lower stop (74b) on the support frame (40) impacts against the brake device (300) fixed on the guide rail (7), whereby the cam (55, 55a) compressed against the guide rail (7) is detached from the brake device (300) under the use of energy kinetics of the support frame (40) by the guide rail (7), whereby the brake device (300) can be returned to its normal service state.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    HK1204313A1|2015-11-13|
    BR112014022945A2|2017-06-20|
    CN104203791A|2014-12-10|
    SG11201405459SA|2014-10-30|
    US20130248298A1|2013-09-26|
    MY170812A|2019-08-30|
    CA2865538C|2019-10-15|
    PT2828188T|2017-08-21|
    US9457990B2|2016-10-04|
    PL2828188T3|2017-10-31|
    KR102036941B1|2019-11-26|
    MX347499B|2017-04-28|
    US20160318736A1|2016-11-03|
    ZA201407176B|2016-05-25|
    KR20140138754A|2014-12-04|
    NZ629351A|2016-04-29|
    WO2013139616A1|2013-09-26|
    MX2014011179A|2014-11-14|
    US9919898B2|2018-03-20|
    RU2014142013A|2016-05-20|
    AU2013234581A1|2014-10-09|
    RU2607906C2|2017-01-11|
    EP2828188B1|2017-05-17|
    EP2828188A1|2015-01-28|
    ES2635020T3|2017-10-02|
    CN104203791B|2016-10-26|
    AU2013234581B2|2016-07-14|
    CA2865538A1|2013-09-26|
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    RU2718706C1|2019-11-07|2020-04-14|Акционерное общество "Щербинский Лифтостроительный Завод"|Catcher|
    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-11| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/03/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12160396|2012-03-20|
    EP12160396.3|2012-03-20|
    PCT/EP2013/054689|WO2013139616A1|2012-03-20|2013-03-08|Catch device in a lift system|
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